The Introduction of Phenylpropanoids:
The phenylpropanoids are a family of organic compounds that are synthesized by plants from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine. Phenylalanine is converted to cinnamic acid by the action of the enzyme phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). The general phenylpropanoid metabolism generates an enormous array of secondary metabolites based on the few intermediates of the shikimate pathway as the core unit. The resulting hydroxycinnamic acids and esters are amplified in several cascades by a combination of reductases, oxygenases, and transferases to result in an organ- and developmentally-specific pattern of metabolites characteristic for each plant species. Phenylpropanoids are characterized by their unique aromatic structures, consisting of a phenyl ring attached to a three-carbon propene side chain.
Phenylpropanoids are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and are important components of many structural polymers. They can resist ultraviolet rays, herbivores, and pathogens, and act as anthocyanins and odor compounds to mediate the interaction between plants and pollinators. Phenylpropanoids are known to have multifaceted effects that include antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities, as well as renoprotective, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and hepatoprotective effects. In conclusion, phenylpropanoids are versatile organic compounds with aromatic structures that have significant roles in plant physiology, fragrance, flavor, medicine, and agriculture. Their wide-ranging applications and potential for future discoveries make phenylpropanoids an exciting area of study and utilization.
Fig 1 Phenylpropanoids
Classification of Phenylpropanoids:
Phenylpropanoids can be categorized into five different groups, which include flavonoids, lignins, phenolic acids, stilbenes, and coumarins. Flavonoids, lignins and phenolic acids are commonly present in most land plants and have essential activity in their primary functions. Therefore these compounds sit at the boundary of primary and secondary metabolism.
--Flavonoids: Flavonoids are a ubiquitous group of naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds characterized by the flavan nucleus and represent one of the most prevalent classes of compounds in fruits, vegetables, and plant-derived beverages. Flavonoids are now known to be ubiquitous in many plants, including the onion (Allium cepa) skin, which is used as a hay fever remedy and a digestive anti-inflammatory and is the active ingredient in a popular OTC nasal spray for sinusitis and allergies. Flavonoids are water-soluble phenolic compounds (having a -OH group attached to an aromatic ring) and are found in the vacuoles of plant cells. Quercetin and rutin are among the most commonly found flavonoids in a great variety of fruits and vegetables, including tea, coffee, and other grains.
--Lignins: Lignin is the second most prevalent biopolymer after cellulose (both of which are present in plant cell walls). Lignins are cross-linked phenolic polymers that do not have a precise molecular formula. Importantly, it acts as a structural material in the support tissues of vascular plants and some algae. Lignin lends rigidity to plants and does not rot easily. It strengthens the wood in vascular plants. Lignin fills the cell wall along with cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin and is especially abundant in vascular and support tissues. Lignin plays a crucial role in conducting water within the vascular cells in plant stems. Lignin fixes carbon from the atmosphere, turning it into a solid polymer. Lignin has been used in manufacturing and can even be transformed into a plastic-like substance.
--Phenolic Acids: Phenolic acids, also known as phenol carboxylic acids, are aromatic acids that contain a phenolic ring and a carboxyl functional group. Phenolic acids are major components of berries. Phenolic acids are represented by cinnamic and benzoic acid derivatives. Salicylic acid is one of the simplest phenolic acids. Phenolic acids are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and they have been shown to have potential benefits for cardiovascular health, diabetes management, and cancer prevention.
--Stilbenes: Stilbenes are some of the important phenolic compounds originating from plant families like Vitaceae, Leguminaceae, Gnetaceae, and Dipterocarpaceae. Structurally, they have a C6–C2–C6 skeleton, usually with two isomeric forms. Stilbenes are biosynthesized due to biotic and abiotic stresses such as microbial infections, high temperatures, and oxidation. Resveratrol, found in grapes and red wine, is one of the most well-known stilbenes.
--Coumarins: Coumarins are a class of natural compounds that belong to the benzopyrone family. They are widely distributed in various plants and exhibit a diverse range of biological activities. Coumarins are a family of plant-derived secondary metabolites that are produced via the phenylpropanoid pathway. Coumarin is an aromatic compound that has a bicyclic structure with lactone and carbonyl groups. Coumarins can be found in many other plant sources, such as citrus fruits, clover, sweet woodruff, and various herbs. They are often responsible for the characteristic aroma and flavor of these plants. Coumarin represents a privileged scaffold for medicinal chemists because of its peculiar physicochemical features and its versatile and easy synthetic transformation into a large variety of functionalized coumarins.
Product Description:
Phenylpropanoids find wide-ranging applications in the fragrance and flavor industries. These compounds contribute to the unique scents and tastes of numerous products, including perfumes, colognes, candles, and food additives. ALL Chemistry’s phenylpropanoids are carefully crafted to deliver exceptional aromatic profiles, allowing you to create captivating fragrances and delightful flavors that leave a lasting impression. In addition to their olfactory and gustatory applications, phenylpropanoids possess remarkable medicinal properties. Many of these compounds exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities, making them valuable in the development of pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products. We hope you have the opportunity to explore our extensive range of phenylpropanoids and discover how they can elevate your products to new levels of excellence.
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Product Category
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CAS Number
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Product Name
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Purity
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Molecular Formula
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Phenylpropanoids
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28831-65-4
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Lithospermic acid
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>98%
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C27H22O12
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Phenylpropanoids
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202471-84-9
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Glomeratose A
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98%
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C24H34O15
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Phenylpropanoids
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2196-18-1
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β-Hydroxypropiovanillone
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97%
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C10H12O4
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Phenylpropanoids
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66648-43-9
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N-Feruloyltyramine
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>98%
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C18H19NO4
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|
Phenylpropanoids
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501-13-3
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Feruloylputrescine
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95%
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C14H20N2O3
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|
Phenylpropanoids
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30964-13-7
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Cynarin
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>98%
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C25H24O12
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Phenylpropanoids
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1126-61-0
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4-Allylpyrocatechol
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98%
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C9H10O2
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Phenylpropanoids
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59-92-7
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Levodopa
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>98%
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C9H11NO4
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Phenylpropanoids
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117869-72-4
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1-Cinnamoyltrichilinin
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>98%
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C39H46O9
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Phenylpropanoids
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1019854-61-5
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12-Ethoxynimbolinin C
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>98%
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C33H46O8
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Please contact us for further information if you have a purchase requirement, including pricing, samples, and technical specifications. We look forward to providing our phenylpropanoid products. In addition, ALL Chemistry provides a seamless one-stop process development service, ALL Chemistry can provide synthesis and fine chemical services if the existing products can't meet your needs, we have expertise in the synthesis of a broad array of customized molecules, and we offer lab scale custom synthesis, biosynthesis, bioconjugation and analytical services.
Product Advantage:
Provide quality-guaranteed products, all products are provided with a quality analysis report (COA), use advanced instruments such as MS(Mass Spectrometry), HPLC and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) for quality inspection.
Professional and reliable packaging ensures the safety and stability of products from transportation, storage to use.
ALL Chemistry provides phenylpropanoid products with a purity greater than 95%.
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