ALL Chemistry devotes all efforts to chemical synthesis for years. ALL Chemistry can provide peptide synthesis and peptide labeling, modification, such as phosphorylation, methylation, biotinylation, glycosylation, cyclization, or dye labels service. According to our strict quality-assured system, we promise to provide peptides with high purity at a cost-effective price. All peptides will be verified under HPLC and LC-MS.
Introduction of Peptide Synthesis & Modification
In organic chemistry, peptide synthesis is the production of peptides, compounds where multiple amino acids are linked via amide bonds, also known as peptide bonds. Peptides are chemically synthesized by the condensation reaction of the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another. Protecting group strategies are usually necessary to prevent undesirable side reactions with the various amino acid side chains. Chemical peptide synthesis most commonly starts at the carboxyl end of the peptide (C-terminus), and proceeds toward the amino-terminus (N-terminus). Protein biosynthesis (long peptides) in living organisms occurs in the opposite direction. Peptides can be synthesized in vitro and used as antigens to produce antibodies in animals or used as ligands for immune-affinity purification. Sometimes, it is hard to express and collect some special biomolecules in vivo by conventional methods, such as the production of phospho-specific antibodies; whereas it will be much easier to produce phospho-specific antibodies by immunizing animals with phosphate-labeled peptides.
Peptide modification refers to the process of altering or manipulating peptides, which are short chains of amino acids, to enhance their properties or functionality. Peptides play a crucial role in various biological processes and have significant potential in therapeutic applications, such as drug development and delivery systems. However, their inherent limitations, such as poor stability, low bioavailability, and limited target specificity, often hinder their effectiveness. Peptide modification aims to overcome these challenges by introducing chemical or structural changes to peptides, thereby improving their stability, pharmacokinetics, and target affinity. This field of research involves a wide range of techniques, including chemical modifications, post-translational modifications, and structural modifications, all aimed at optimizing the properties of peptides for specific applications. Peptide modification holds great promise in revolutionizing the field of medicine and drug development, offering opportunities for the development of more effective and targeted therapies.
Fig.1 Introduction of fatty acid to improve the permeability of insulin.
Affinity Tags Available
--His-tag Peptides: ALL Chemistry can synthesize peptides with several histidines at C-ter or N-ter to serve as His-tag.
--Biotinylated-peptides: Biotinylated-peptides refer to peptides that have been modified by attaching a biotin molecule to them. Biotin is a small molecule that has a high affinity for avidin or streptavidin proteins. This modification allows for the specific and strong binding of the biotinylated peptides to avidin or streptavidin, enabling various applications such as protein purification, detection, and immobilization. As biotin-streptavidin forms a large complex (>50kDa) compared to a few kilodaltons peptides, we recommend especially for fluorescent labeling to opt-in for another strategy. SB-PEPTIDE can conjugate specifically one biotin per custom synthetic peptides in N-ter, C-ter or within the sequence.
--Maleimide-peptide: Maleimide-peptides are peptides that have been modified with a maleimide functional group. Maleimide is a highly reactive compound that can react with thiol groups (-SH) present in cysteine residues of peptides or proteins. This reaction forms a stable covalent bond, allowing for the conjugation of various molecules or labels to the maleimide-peptide. Maleimide-peptides are commonly used in bioconjugation strategies for the attachment of fluorophores, enzymes, or other molecules to the peptide of interest. Thiol-maleimide conjugation is widely used in bioconjugation thanks to its simplicity and attractive conjugation yield.
--Azide/Alkyne-peptide: Several azido and alkyne functions are available to prepare azido-peptide or alkyne-peptide suitable for click-chemistry. Click-chemistry is a reaction used in bioconjugation to specifically conjugate one compound azide-functionalized with another compound alkyne-functionalized. The classic click reaction is the copper-catalyzed reaction of an azide with an alkyne to form a 5-membered heteroatom ring: a Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). Alkyne-peptides or azide-peptides are valuable approaches to consider for in-solution labeling when amide bonds or thiol-maleimide conjugations are not possible due to amino acids contained in the sequence.
--Thiol-peptide: Thiol-peptides are peptides containing a thiol function. Thiol function can be incorporated by adding a cysteine during the synthesis or other thiol existing thiolated compounds. Thiol-peptides are widely used for maleimide conjugation such as peptide-BSA or peptide KLH conjugation or for peptide attachment to gold surface (i.e. SPR).
--Others Upon Request: Tags can be placed at various positions of the peptide such as N-ter, C-ter or within the peptide. N-terminal conjugation is generally the easier way, side chain labeling can also be performed. These functions are also available for PNA custom synthesis.
Example: A FAM-labeled synthesized peptide in breast cancer cells
Fig.2 Confocal Image: the distribution of a short peptide labeled by the fluorescence group FAM in MDA-231 breast cancer cells.
Quantity Recommended for Different Applications
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Applications
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Quantity Recommended
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Immuno-affinity purification
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≥15 mg resin-conjugated
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Immunogen
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Large animal
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10-12 mg conjugated
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Small animal
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4-6 mg conjugated
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Peptide Synthesis & Modification Services at ALL Chemistry
ALL Chemistry specializes in chemical polypeptide synthesis, offering a range of services to synthesize peptides using Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS). This involves conjugating multiple amino acids to create peptide chains, with the capability to synthesize simple to complex peptides for various projects. ALL Chemistry can accommodate peptides with different characteristics, including highly hydrophobic or hydrophilic sequences, long sequences, cyclized peptides, fluorescent peptides, KLH-BSA conjugated peptides, and other modifications. We can synthesize individual peptides, peptide pools, proteins, and peptide libraries in different scales (from mg to multi-grams) and purity rates. ALL Chemistry has provided peptide synthesis and peptide labeling, modification (phosphorylation, methylation, biotinylation, glycosylation, cyclization, or attachment to carrier proteins or dye labels) service to worldwide customers every year.
As an experienced provider of high-quality peptide synthesis services, ALL Chemistry selects the building blocks and resins carefully, deploys case-specific methods to circumvent hydrophobic interactions, and devises backup routes in the event of synthetic difficulties. In addition, we provide a series of downstream services after peptide synthesis, as shown in Table 1.
Custom Peptide Synthesis - Specification-Table 1
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Categories
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Services
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Peptide Form
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Single peptides
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Peptide Scale
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mg to g scale
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Peptide Purification
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HPLC purification up to 98% (Crude peptide also available)
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Peptide Length
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Routine synthesis of peptides ≤ 30 aa. Long peptide synthesis using special chemistry (40-100 aa)
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Modifications
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Phosphorylation-Tyr/Ser/Thr, Methylation, Acetylation, Biotinylation, Myristoylation and MAPS (4 or 8 chains)
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Labels
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Isotope labels, PITC, FAM, FITC, Quantum and Rhodamine
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Conjugations
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KLH, BSA, OVA, Hydralink
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Cyclization
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S-S, N-C terminal, Lys, Asp, Glu
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Analysis
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Liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry (LC/MS)
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Peptide Libraries
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Customized
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Note: For more information about peptide modification and labeling, please find them in Peptide Structure Modification and Fluorescence & Stable Isotope Labeling.
Advantages of Our Services
Provide quality-guaranteed products, all products are provided with a quality analysis report (COA), use advanced instruments such as MS (Mass Spectrometry), HPLC and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) for quality inspection.
Development of therapeutic peptides using different glycosylation strategies
Professional and reliable packaging ensures the safety and stability of products from transportation, storage to use.
Deep knowledge and rich experience in biomaterial modification and conjugation. ALL Chemistry has a dedicated team of glycan experts to deal with complex carbohydrate research.
With fast, economical, and efficient customized peptide structure modification products, ALL Chemistry will forever provide customers with cost-effective and perfect after-sales service.
Project Workflow
Evaluation → Experiment Design → Formal Quotation → Peptide Synthesis or Modification → Results → Delivery
+1 609 531 0668
info@all-chemistry.com
STE 104 Marlton , NJ 08053, USA